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Background@#and Purpose There are reports of decline in the rates of acute emergency presentations during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic including stroke. We performed a meta-analysis of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rates of stroke presentations and on rates of reperfusion therapy. @*Methods@#Following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, we systematically searched the literature for studies reporting changes in stroke presentations and treatment rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aggregated data were pooled using meta-analysis with random-effect models. @*Results@#We identified 37 observational studies (n=375,657). Pooled analysis showed decline in rates of all strokes (26.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.4 to 29.7) and its subtypes; ischemic (25.3%; 95% CI, 21.0 to 30.0), hemorrhagic (27.6%; 95% CI, 20.4 to 35.5), transient ischemic attacks (41.9%; 95% CI, 34.8 to 49.3), and stroke mimics (45.6%; 95% CI, 33.5 to 58.0) during months of pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. The decline was most evident for mild symptoms (40% mild vs. 25%–29% moderate/severe). Although rates of intravenous thrombolytic (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) decreased during pandemic, the likelihood of being treated with IVT and EVT did not differ between the two periods, both in primary and in comprehensive stroke centers (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.24 and OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.09, respectively). @*Conclusions@#Rates of all strokes types decreased significantly during pandemic. It is of paramount importance that general population should be educated to seek medical care immediately for stroke-like symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic. Whether delay in initiation of secondary prevention would affect eventual stroke outcomes in the long run needs further study.
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The basic purpose of this research work was to investigate the skin depigmenting and antierythmetic effects of emulgel containing Annona muricata L. fruit extract by comparing it with its control and the variation in these effects with the addition of penetration enhancer. The control [without extract and penetration enhancer i.e. clove oil 8%] and the two test formulations with 4% fruit extract FA and FB [without clove oil and with clove oil] were formulated and evaluated for in vitro characteristics [pH, conductivity and in vitro release]. The emulgels were then applied on the cheeks of 26 healthy female human volunteers [n=26] for a study period of 12 weeks. Skin melanin and erythema contents were measured by Mexameter at base line and then after every 2 weeks. Both the test formulations showed significant decrease in melanin and erythema contents when compared to control but FB showed marked decrease in skin melanin when compared to the FA. While in case of skin erythema, the effects of FA were greater as compared to other formulation. When paired sample t test [5% level of significance] was applied, the test formulations showed significant results. This study reveals that the Annona muricata L. fruit extract naturally contains some important phenolic compounds and can be effectively used in topical preparations for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation and dermatitis. Skin whitening effects can be increased by the addition of penetration enhancer
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Liver diseases are the most common ailment all over the world mostly caused by viruses, toxic chemicals, excessive intake of alcohol, high doses of paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride, chemotherapeutic agents and peroxides oil, etc. There is a great need to assess the scientific basis for the medicinal plants that are claimed to have hepatoprotective activity. We investigate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous-ethanolic extract of Capparis decidua [Stems] against paracetamol induced liver injury in experimental animals. To observe the level of improvement, biochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, ALP and Total bilirubin levels as well as histopathological changes in liver tissues were studied. Silymarin [50mg/kg, p.o.] was used as reference drug. The levels of the biochemical parameters were increased in rabbits which were intoxicate by paracetamol. Capparis decidua extract [750mg/kg, b.w.] treated rabbits showed maximum reduction of biochemical parameters in a significant [p<0.001] manner. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of control and treated groups also confirmed the hepatoprotective activity. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. The results of the present study therefore suggest that the different doses of Capparis decidua possess significant hepatoprotective effect and this effect might be due to the presence of flavonoids and tannins
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Background: Pilonidal sinus disease is a common condition often seen in young adults, affecting male twice then the female. Many surgical and non- surgical treatment modalities have been suggested
Objective: To evaluate the results of rhomboid excision and Limberg flap reconstruction in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Surgical Department Unit-II Sheikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital, Rahim Yar khan. The study was conducted from 1 June 2014 to 31 January 2016. A total of 34 patients were included in this study. Patients having primary pilonidal sinus disease underwent this operation. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS Version16 software
Results: 34 patients has undergone this surgery. All study subjects were males. The mean age was 26 years [Range: 18-36 years]. No patient presented with recurrent pilonidal sinus. The mean operative time was 55 minutes and ranged from 45 to 65 minutes. Hospital stay ranged from 3 to 4 days. Two [5.88%] patients has minimal epidermolysis of flap corners. Two [5.88%] has slight gaping of wound edges. However all four healed completely with conservative treatment. One patient has persistent discharge which took 3 weeks to settle down. 100% success rates with no recurrence was achieved
Conclusion: Limberg flap technique is very effective for pilonidal sinus disease with low complication and excellent success rates
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Saussurea lappa [SL] has been reported for its antioxidant and anti-ageing properties. Due to this reason it can be incorporated in a stable phytoformulations for cosmetic use. The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-aging potential of cosmetic o/w emulsion containing the botanical extract of SL. An emulsion [o/w] was prepared using TEGO[registered] Care 450 [Polyglceryl-3-Methyl Glucose Distearate] emulsifier and final emulsion was loaded with 4 % extract of SL in aqueous phase. This emulsion evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-ageing properties on healthy human subjects using a non-invasive technique called surface evaluation of living skin [SELS]. The formulation containing SL extract showed significant [p
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To investigate the antipyretic activity of hydro-methanol extract of Melia azedarach Linn. [HMEMA] seeds and Cucumis melo Linn. [HMECM] seeds in experimental animals. Baker's yeast was used to induce fever in rabbits which were divided into six groups. The animal groups were thereafter administered distilled water [control], paracetamol [reference standard, 150mg/kg], HMEMA [250mg/kg], HMEMA [500mg/kg], HMECM [250mg/kg] and HMECM [500mg/kg] respectively. HMEMA and HMECM were also phytochemically screened for tannins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Results indicate that hydro-methanol extract of M. azedarach Linn. Seeds [250mg/kg and 500mg/kg] significantly [p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively] reduced the elevated body temperature in dose dependant manner. Insignificant to no antipyretic effect was produced by hydro-methanol extract of Cucumis melo L. seeds. Phytochemical analysis of the HMEMA showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides While HMECM was positive for flavonoids, phenols and saponins. The result shows that there exists a potential benefit in utilizing Melia azedarach L. seeds in treating fever. This property can be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents present in the hydro-methanol extract ofMelia azedarach L. seeds and the exact mechanism need to be evaluated
Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Extracts , Phytotherapy , Cucumis melo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Seeds , Antipyretics , Phytochemicals , Rabbits , Fever/therapyABSTRACT
The aim of current research was to develop a water-in-oil emulsion containing grape seed extract for application in cosmeceuticals. Finally grinded dried grape seeds powder was extracted with hydro alcoholic mixture. Emulsions consisting of different concentrations of cetyl dimethicone [Abile EM90], the nonionic emulsifier, liquid paraffin as oily phase and water as aqueous phase were developed. Color, odor, pH, viscosity, liquefaction, phase separation, centrifugation and thermal stability of the formulated emulsions were observed at various storage temperatures i.e. 8 +/- 0.5[degree sign] C, 25 +/- 0.5[degree sign] C, 40 +/- 0.5[degree sign] C and 40[degree sign] C +/- 0.5[degree sign] C with 70% RH. The stable formulation consist of 16% mineral oil, 4% of ABIL EM 90[registered sign], 4% grape seeds extract, 1% rose oil and 75% distilled water. All the results derived from this study showed good stability over the three months study period which indicates w/o emulsion can be used as carrier of 4% grape seeds extract to enhance desired effects when applied topically
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Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of cutaneous diseases among peacekeepers at a tertiary care hospital in United Nations and African Mission in Darfur, Sudan
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at dermatology outpatient department of United Nations peacekeeping mission [UNAMID] level III Hospital at Darfur, Sudan from March 2014 to Feb 2015.Peacekeepers of both gender reporting to dermatology OPD were registered after informed consent. Patients' demographic profile, nature of duty, disease diagnosis and duration of illness were noted. The data was managed and analyzed using SPSS-17
Results: A total of 542 peacekeepers of the age ranging from 20-60 years were analyzed. Eczema was the most common disease [38.7%], followed by fungal infections [22.5%] and acne [10.7%]. 47.6% of patients had the disease before deployment in mission area and 52.4% developed after reaching in mission area
Conclusion: Eczema, dermatophytosis and acne were the commonest skin problems among peacekeeper. Almost half of these had dermatological problems before deployment
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Background: hemorrhoidectomy is the surgical treatment for grade III, IV hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoidectomy is notorious for postoperative pain which may be due to spasm of the internal anal sphincter
Objective: to compare mean post-operative pain with 0.2% topical Glyceryl Trinitrate cream versus lateral internal anal sphincterotomy after hemorrhoidectomy
Methodology: Setting: general Surgery ward, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/ Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Duration: from 4[th] February to 4[th] August, 2015
Design: randomized Controlled Trials. A total of 60 patients with hemorrhoids were included in this study. Thirty patients were in group A and subjected to Milligan-Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy followed by post-operative application of 0.2% topical Glyceryl Trinitrate [GTN] using a measuring spoon, three times a day. 30 patients were included in group B and treated with Milligan-Morgan open hemorrhoidectomy along with lateral internal sphincterotomy. All the patients were followed up to one week for post-operative pain assessment and mean post-operative pain was noted for both groups at 7th day postoperatively. This all data was recorded on an especially designed Proforma. The data was entered in SPSS version 16 and analyzed
Results: mean post-operative pain score was significantly low in group B [2.07 +/- 0.9] as compared to group A [3.17 +/- 1.1] [p=0.0005]. Conclusion: Internal sphincterotomy with open hemorrhoidectomy is an effective method to reduce posthemorrhoidectomy pain as compared to 0.2% topical Glyceryl Trinitrate [GTN] cream
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Background: computerized tomography [CT] Scan is the gold standard for imaging in blunt abdominal trauma. Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma [FAST] is a quickly performed screening technique aimed to detect collections of free fluid
Objective: to determine the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon-performed Focused Assessment Sonography in patients with blunt abdominal Trauma by taking operative findings as gold standard in detecting hemoperitoneum
Methodology: this cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Emergency and Trauma, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1[st] January to 30[th] June 2015. A total of 167 patients with blunt abdominal trauma within 24 hours were included in this study. Surgeon performed Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma[FAST] was done in all patients with Ultrasound Machine for detection of hemoperitoneum. All the patients were undergone through exploratory laparotomy and compared the findings of FAST. All this information was entered on Proforma. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16
Results: the sensitivity, specificity, positive and Negative predictive value as well as accuracy of surgeon performed FAST in detecting hemoperitoneum were 83.8%, 92%, 90.5%, 86% and 88% respectively
Conclusion: FAST has a high accuracy. It can be included in the initial evaluation of adult patients with Blunt abdominal trauma [BAT] and it will assist in rapidly identifying the need for laparotomy
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Amoebiasisis an infectious disease, which originated with the single-celled parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The parasitic amoeba infects the liver and intestine and may cause mild diarrhea and serious dysentery with bloody and mucoid stool. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Amoebex [400mg], a herbal formulation for the treatment of amoebiasis infections as compared to that of Metronidazole [400mg]. The therapeutic evaluations of these medicines were carried out on 184 clinically diagnosed cases of the amoebiasis infection. Sample sizes of Ameobex for this study included a total of 93 patients and for Metronidazole a total of 91 were registered and treated. Comparison of the data recorded for the participants relating to sign and symptoms variables showed significant differences of efficacy between test and control groups [p<0.0357] and no side effects were at all recorded in test group. According to observation, there was a difference in the overall clinical success of both treatment groups, however, the efficacy of the test treated medication [Amoebex] was superior to that of Metronidazole as [p<0.03], and on the basis of the statistical analysis done by the chi square test, the null hypothesis was rejected. `It is clearly evident that Amoebex possesses therapeutic value for the treatment of amoebiasis associated symptoms but also the eradication rate of amoebiasis is superior by Amoebex as compared to that of Metronidazole [Control drug]
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Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones disease. Open cholecystectomy results mainly in parietal pain while laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes visceral pain
Objective: To compare post-operative visceral pain at 24 hours in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without intra peritoneal instillation of bupivacaine
Methodology: Setting: Surgical Unit II, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Duration of Study: 1 July to 31 December 2015. Study design: Randomized controlled trial [RCT]. A total of 60 patients having symptomatic gallstones disease were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients in group Awere treated with bupivacaine 0.5 % instillation. For the patients in group B, the dose was not instilled in the gall bladder fossa and right and left sub diaphragmatic spaces. Postoperative pain was assessed up to 24hours after surgery using Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16
Results: The mean age of the patients was 35 +/- 8 years in group A, and 37 +/- 8 years in Group B. Post operative pain at 24 hours was significantly low in group A than in group B [33.3% vs. 70%; p=0.004]
Conclusion: Intraperitoneal bupivacaine instillation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces pain in the initial postoperative period. It is easy to administer with no adverse effects and may become a routine practice for this procedure
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Objective: To determine the efficacy of 2.5% and 1.25% Povidone-Iodine solution for Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis
Study Design: Interventional study
Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital, Sargodha, from May to November 2014
Methodology: A total of 200 eyes of 100 newborn babies were enrolled and divided into two groups of 100 right eyes and 100 left eyes. A conjunctival swab for bacterial culture was taken within 30 minutes after delivery. A single drop of 2.5% Povidone-Iodine was then placed in the right eye while in the left eye a single drop of 1.25% Povidone-Iodine was placed. Thirty minutes after placing Povidone-Iodine, a conjunctival swab was again taken. A bacterial suspension was prepared from each swab in determining bacterial counts. The bacterial suspension was inoculated on yeast extract agar and the number of colony forming units were counted. At each culture, the number of colony forming units before and after instillation of 2.5% Povidone-Iodine and 1.25% Povidone-Iodine were compared. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used for statistical analysis
Results: The 2.5% Povidone-Iodine solution caused a statistically significant decrease in the number of colony forming units [p=0.001]. Similarly, the 1.25% Povidone-Iodine solution also reduced the number of colony forming units to a statistically significant level [p=0.001]
Conclusion: The 1.25% concentration of Povidone-Iodine is as effective as the 2.5% concentration of Povidone-Iodine in reducing the number of colony forming units in healthy conjunctivae of newborns
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Urinary Tract Infections are the largest group of infections after the respiratory tract infections. In 85% of the cases the causative organism is E. Coli. A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of coded herbal formulation [Cran off] [Test drug] for the treatment of Urinary tract infection comparing with Urixin [Control]. One hundred and thirty patients suffering from Urinary tract infection from both groups [Males: 45, mean age: 34+/-14 and females: 85, mean age: 33+/-13 year, range: 15-55] were enrolled in the trial and divided in to two groups according to treatment regimens. Cran off [Test drug] 500mg two capsules and Urixin [Pipemidic Acid Trihydrate JP15] [Control] 400mg capsules twice daily were prescribed for 2-3 weeks. Urinary tract infection was improved in 23 [35.38%] patients out of 65 patients by the use of Cran off [Test drug], and in 15 [23.07%] patients out of 65 by the use of Urixin [Control drug]. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in Urinary tract infection associated clinical features as compared to Urixin. It is concluded that Cran off possesses a therapeutic value for the improvement of urinary tract infection and its associated symptoms as compared to Urixin
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Herbal Medicine , Pipemidic Acid , Chemistry, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
A case control, multicenter, prospective randomized two arm parallel group clinical trials was conducted on 190 patients. The main objective of this study is to provide comparative efficacy results of both trialed medicines. The comparison was done in between herbal medicine D-Worm and Mebandazole allopathic drug for the treatment of helminthiasis. All the rules of GCP [Good Clinical Practices] were followed including clinical history, clinical presentation, examination findings and stool tests. Stool D/R and Parasite antigen tests were performed before and after treatment. The comparison of symptoms were also done including the improvement in abdominal pain, worms in stool, anal itching, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and fatigue etc. The data on clinical proforma was gathered and subjected to statistical analysis. Parasite specific antigen test and stool D/R is considered as gold standard test for the diagnosis and confirmation of helminthes infection. Different parameter i.e. age, sex, and other clinical sign and symptoms were studied and compared between two treatment groups [Control and Test groups] at baseline and end of therapeutic application. Consent of patient was taken at first before the start of examination. Majority of the patients [90%] included in this study group get cured after herbal treatment. The statistical analysis used for the assessment of the effect of the treatment also showed significant improvement after treatment
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Background: Perforation of peptic ulcer is a life threatening emergency and associated with increased surgical morbidity
Objective: To determine the risk factors of post postoperative complications in patients of perforated duodenal ulcer
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Surgical Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan and started on 12[th] February 2013 and completed in 6 months. Clinically, radiologically and surgically proven, 133 cases of the perforated peptic ulcer were included in the study through non probability consecutive sampling after taking informed consent. Possible predictors were recorded on admission as well as during surgery. Main outcome measures were postoperative complications which included respiratory tract infection, wound infection, and burst abdomen. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 14
Results: Age range of study subjects was 26-70 years. 80% of the patients were male and 20% female. 27.8% of the cases had clinical features of shock at presentation. Majority of the cases 65% presented within 48 hours. Smoking was noted in 51.9% of the cases. 74% had no associated medical illness. In 96% of the cases the size of perforation was less than 1 cm. Amount of peritoneal Spillage was greater than 1 liter in more than half patients [62%]. First part of the duodenum was the most common site of the perforation, which was present in 88% of the cases. Graham's omentopexy was done in 95% cases. 53 [40%] cases developed postoperative complications. 31 cases developed 1 complication each, 17 cases developed 2 complications each while 5 cases 3 complications each. The most common complication was respiratory tract infection which occurred in 26 patients [19.6%]. Most of the patients were discharged home between the 5 and 10 postoperative days. Those patients who presented in emergency after duration of 48 hours since onset of epigastric pain had very significant association with postoperative complication rate [p=0.0001]. Other factor which showed significant association was shock at presentation [p-value= 0.004]
Conclusion: Late presentation and presence of shock significantly influence the rate of development of post operative complications in patients of perforated duodenal ulcer. However, smoking and presence of medical illness failed to show significant association with postoperative complications
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Escalated sebum fabrication is seen with an unattractive look and adds to the growth of acne. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of 3% Cannabis seeds extract cream on human cheek skin sebum and erythema content. For this purpose, base plus 3% Cannabis seeds extract and base [control] were prepared for single blinded and comparative study. Healthy males were instructed to apply the base plus 3% Cannabis seeds extract and base twice a day to their cheeks for 12 weeks. Adverse events were observed to determine skin irritation. Measurements for sebum and erythema content were recorded at baseline, 2[nd], 4[th], 6[th], 8[th], 10[th] and 12[th] week in a control room with Sebumeter and Mexameter. Base plus 3% Cannabis seeds extract was found to be safe in volunteers. Measurements demonstrated that skin sebum and erythema content of base plus 3% Cannabis seeds extract treated side showed significant decrease [p<0.05] compared with base treated side. Base plus 3% Cannabis seeds extract showed safety. It was well tolerated for the reduction of skin sebum and erythema content. Its improved efficacy could be suggested for treatment of acne vulgaris, seborrhea, papules and pustules to get attractive facial appearance
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The present study is about to prepare stable cream of water-in-oil emulsion containing extracts of Crocus sativus against its base [without extracts] taken as control, to determine its stability on different storage conditions and effects on skin moisture contents and transepidermal water loss. The formulation contains 3% Crocus sativus [Saffron] concentrated extracts, and the base containing no extract, were formulated. Different stability tests were done on samples, which placed at 8°C, 25°C, 40° C and 40°C with 75% relative humidity, for 4 week period. These formulations [Creams] were applied on the cheeks of human volunteers for 8 week period. To evaluate any effect produced by these formulations different skin parameters were monitored every week. The significant results of this study explored the fact that water-in-oil emulsion topical cream of saffron formulated from Crocus sativus extract has absolute physical stability at different storage conditions. The increase in skin moisture contents and changes in transepidermal water loss were significant [p
Subject(s)
Humans , Plant Extracts , Skin Cream , Drug StabilityABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the changes in skin barrier function in human subjects, following long-term topical application of Hippophae rhamnoides oil-in-water [O/W] emulsion whereas effects were measred using non-invasive probes like tewameter and corneometer. For this purpose, two stable oil-in-water [O/W] emulsions were formulated one with 5% Hippophae rhamnoides extract and other without extracts. Thirteen healthy, male subjects with a mean age 27 +/- 4.8 years were enrolled after their informed consents. The subjects were instructed to apply either the active formulation or the base formulation over 84 days while they were not known with the contents of either formulation. Biometrological measurements of skin hydration and transepidermal water loss [TEWL] were performed on both sides of the face in each volunteer at baseline and on day 07, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84. The statistical analysis revealed formulation with 5% plant extract was superior compared to placebo [base formulation] as formulation with extract have shown extremely significant improvements in skin hydration [p=0.0003] and TEWL [p=0.0087] throughout treatment course. Moreover, a significant [p
Subject(s)
Humans , Oils , Water , Plant Extracts , Emulsions , SkinABSTRACT
Current published literature on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM] comes primarily from Western populations. There is no published data on clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and long-term outcome of HCM in an Arab population. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients 16 years or older diagnosed with HCM at our institution. Detailed clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and outcome was analyzed. A total of 69 patients were identified as having HCM. The mean age was 42 +/- 16 years with 71% male patients. All patients were Saudi citizens with Arab ancestry. Details about family history and presenting symptoms were available for 44 and 48 patients consecutively. Nine [18%] patients were asymptomatic and were diagnosed based on abnormal cardiac auscultation. The commonest presenting symptoms were dyspnea with or without chest pain and palpitations occurring in 40 [81%] patients. Only four [9%] of 44 patients had a family history of HCM and /or sudden cardiac death [SCD]. The most common ECG abnormality was left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] present in 60 [86%] patients. The commonest septal hypertrophy morphology was mid-septal [catenoid] in 30 [43%] followed by neutral in 23 [33%], basal septal [sigmoid] in 3 [4%] and apical in 6 [8%] patients. Twenty [28%] patients had evidence of resting left ventricular cavity gradient of >/= 30mmHg. Eleven [16%] patients had evidence of biventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal in 65 [94%] patients. Over a median [25-75 percentile] follow-up of 7 years [4.5-10], only three patients died, all of non-cardiac causes. There were no cases of SCD during the follow-up period. Six patients required an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD]; five for primary prevention and one for secondary prevention. Only one patient progressed to end stage dilated cardiomyopathy. The natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Saudi population appears to be benign with catenoid morphology being the most common septal hypertrophy pattern. Risk of SCD appears to be quite low in this population